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Special power of attorney, wala nang bisa sa pagkamatay ng principal

  • Writer: BULGAR
    BULGAR
  • Oct 25, 2025
  • 3 min read

ni Atty. Persida Rueda-Acosta @Magtanong Kay Attorney | October 25, 2025



Magtanong Kay Atty. Persida Acosta


Dear Chief Acosta,


May ginawang special power of attorney (SPA) ang kapatid ko para ibenta ang kanyang lupa sa aming probinsya. Sa hindi inaasahang pangyayari, namatay ang kapatid ko. Maaari pa bang maituloy ang pagbebenta ayon sa SPA ng kapatid ko? -- Eunika



Dear Eunika,


Sa pamamagitan ng kontrata ng ahensya o contract of agency, maaaring katawanin ang isang tao (principal) ng ibang tao (agent) na awtorisadong magbigkis at gumawa ng mga legal na aksyon, tulad ng pagbebenta ng lupa, para at sa ngalan ng nauna. Nakapaloob ang ganitong kasunduan sa isang dokumento na karaniwang tinutukoy nating special power of attorney o SPA. Sa partikular, nakasaad sa ating New Civil Code of the Philippines na:


Article 1868. By the contract of agency a person binds himself to render some service or to do something in representation or on behalf of another, with the consent or authority of the latter. 

x x x


Article 1878. Special powers of attorney are necessary in the following cases: x x x 


(5) To enter into any contract by which the ownership of an immovable is transmitted or acquired either gratuitously or for a valuable consideration; x x x        


Article 1930. The agency shall remain in full force and effect even after the death of the principal, if it has been constituted in the common interest of the latter and of the agent, or in the interest of a third person who has accepted the stipulation in his favor.


Article 1931. Anything done by the agent, without knowledge of the death of the principal or of any other cause which extinguishes the agency, is valid and shall be fully effective with respect to third persons who may have contracted with him in good faith.”


Kaugnay nito, sa kamakailang kaso ng San Miguel Foods, Inc. vs. Felicidad D. Alova and Decelyn Alova Pution, G.R. No. 260071, 07 Mayo 2025, tinalakay ng ating Korte Suprema, sa pamamagitan ni Hon. Associate Justice Henri Jean Paul B. Inting, na nagmumula ang awtoridad ng agent sa mga kapangyarihang ipinagkaloob sa kanya ng principal; kung kaya, ang aksyon ng agent ay maituturing lamang na gawa ng principal kung ginawa ito sa loob ng saklaw ng kanyang awtoridad:


Agency is basically personal, representative, and derivative in nature. The authority of the agent to act emanates from the powers granted to him by his or her principal. The agent’s act is the act of the principal if done within the scope of the authority.


Owing to its nature, agency is extinguished by the death of either the principal or the agent. Thus, any act by the agent subsequent to the principal’s death is void ab initio, unless the act fell under the exceptions established under Articles 1930 and 1931 of the Civil Code.


Samakatuwid, nawawala ang bisa ng agency sa pagkamatay ng alinman sa principal o agent. Kaya, walang bisa ang anumang kilos ng agent kasunod ng pagkamatay ng principal, maliban (1) kung ang agency ay para sa karaniwang interes ng mga partido, o (2) kapag ang agent, na walang kaalaman sa pagkamatay ng principal o pagtatapos ng agency, ay nakipagkontrata nang may mabuting-loob.


Sana ay nabigyan namin ng linaw ang iyong katanungan. Ang payong aming ibinigay ay base lamang sa mga impormasyon na iyong inilahad at maaaring magbago kung mababawasan o madaragdagan ang mga detalye ng iyong salaysay.


Maraming salamat sa iyong patuloy na pagtitiwala.




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