- BULGAR
- 15 hours ago
ni Atty. Persida Rueda-Acosta @Magtanong Kay Attorney | November 27, 2025
Dear Chief Acosta,
Nais kong malaman kung mayroong krimen sa pampublikong pamamahiya o paninigaw sa isang tao? Maraming salamat. – Llana
Dear Llana,
Bagaman at walang eksaktong krimen ang mga akto ng pampublikong pamamahiya o paninigaw sa ating batas, nakasaad sa mga Artikulo 358 at 359 ng Act No. 3815, na inamyendahan ng Republic Act No. 10951 (R. A. No. 10951), o mas kilala sa tawag na “Revised Penal Code of the Philippines,” ang mga sumusunod:
“Art. 358. Slander. - Oral defamation shall be punished by arresto mayor in its maximum period to prisión correccional in its minimum period if it is of a serious and insulting nature; otherwise the penalty shall be arresto menor or a fine not exceeding Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000)."
Art. 359. Slander by deed. - The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prisión correccional in its minimum period or a fine ranging from Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000) to One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000) shall be imposed upon any person who shall perform any act not included and punished in this title, which shall cast dishonor, discredit or contempt upon another person. If said act is not of a serious nature. The penalty shall be arresto menor or a fine not exceeding Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000).
Kaugnay sa nabanggit, ibinahagi sa kasong Villanueva v. People (G.R. No. 160351, April 10, 2006) sa panulat ni Honorable Associate Justice Minita Chico-Nazario, ang mga rekisito ng krimeng slander by deed:
“Slander by deed is a crime against honor, which is committed by performing any act, which casts dishonor, discredit, or contempt upon another person. The elements are (1) that the offender performs any act not included in any other crime against honor, (2) that such act is performed in the presence of other person or persons, and (3) that such act casts dishonor, discredit or contempt upon the offended party. Whether a certain slanderous act constitutes slander by deed of a serious nature or not, depends on the social standing of the offended party, the circumstances under which the act was committed, the occasion, etc.”
Samantala, sa kasong De Leon v. People (G.R. No. 212623, January 11, 2016) sa panulat ni Honorable Associate Justice Jose Mendoza, binanggit naman ang mga rekisito sa kasong oral defamation:
“Oral Defamation or Slander is libel committed by oral (spoken) means, instead of in writing. It is defined as “the speaking of base and defamatory words which tend to prejudice another in his reputation, office, trade, business or means of livelihood.” The elements of oral defamation are: (1) there must be an imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act, omission, status or circumstances; (2) made orally; (3) publicly; (4) and maliciously; (5) directed to a natural or juridical person, or one who is dead; (6) which tends to cause dishonour, discredit or contempt of the person defamed.”
Sa madaling salita, bagama’t magkaiba ang paraan ng pagganap — sa pamamagitan man ng salita (oral slander) o gawa (slander by deed) — pareho silang krimen laban sa dangal o crimes against honor.
Ang parehong krimen ay nangangailangan ng isang asal o pahayag na nakapaglalagay sa isang tao sa kahihiyan, kapinsalaan ng dangal, o nagpapababa ng kanyang reputasyon sa harap ng publiko o ibang tao, na nagdudulot ng kahihiyan, diskredito, o paghamak laban sa kanya.
Samakatuwid, kung ang naging asal at pahayag ng pamamahiya o paninigaw ng isang tao ay tumutugma sa lahat ng rekisito ng nasabing mga krimen, maaari siyang managot sa naaangkop na probisyon ng batas na pinarurusahan ang mga asal o pananalita na nagdudulot ng pamamahiya o paninirang-puri.
Sana ay nabigyan namin ng linaw ang iyong katanungan. Ang payong aming ibinigay ay base lamang sa mga impormasyon na iyong inilahad at maaaring magbago kung mababawasan o madaragdagan ang mga detalye ng iyong salaysay.
Maraming salamat sa iyong patuloy na pagtitiwala.