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Karapatan ng ilegal na natanggal sa trabaho na OFW sa sahod na natitira sa kanyang kontrata

Writer: BULGAR
BULGAR
4 hours ago
3 min read

ni PAO Chief Persida Rueda-Acosta @Magtanong Kay Attorney | November 3, 2026



Magtanong Kay Atty. Persida Acosta


Dear Chief Acosta,


Nais ko po sanang malaman kung maaari bang tanggalin ng foreign employer ang isang OFW bago matapos ang kanyang kontrata dahil lamang sa alegasyon ng paglabag sa utos na hindi naman napatunayan. Kung mapatunayang ilegal ang pagtanggal, maaari po bang makuha ng OFW ang sahod para sa natitirang panahon ng kanyang kontrata? Maaari rin po bang managot ang recruitment agency sa Pilipinas?


— Jeraldine




Dear Jeraldine, 


Nakasaad sa Republic Act (R.A.) No. 8042, o ang Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995, na inamyendahan ng R.A. No. 10022, at sa mga kaugnay na desisyon ng Korte Suprema ang kasagutan sa iyong katanungan. Para sa iyong kaalaman, ayon sa Seksyon 10 ng nasabing batas:


“SEC. 10. Money Claims. - Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, the Labor Arbiters of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) shall have the original and exclusive jurisdiction to hear and decide, within ninety (90) calendar days after the filing of the complaint, the claims arising out of an employer-employee relationship or by virtue of any law or contract involving Filipino workers. 


The liability of the principal/employer and the recruitment/placement agency for any and all claims under this section shall be joint and several.


In case of termination of overseas employment without just, valid or authorized cause as defined by law or contract, or any unauthorized deductions from the migrant worker’s salary, the worker shall be entitled to the full reimbursement of his placement fee and the deductions made with interest at twelve percent (12%) per annum, plus his salaries for the unexpired portion of his employment contract or for three (3) months for every year of the unexpired term, whichever is less.” 


Ibig sabihin, kinikilala mismo ng batas ang money claims ng isang OFW kapag ang trabaho sa ibang bansa ay tinapos nang walang makatarungan (just), may-bisa (valid), o awtorisadong dahilan (authorized cause). Sa ilalim din ng Seksyon 10 ng nasabing batas, ang foreign principal o employer at ang recruitment o placement agency ay may joint and several liability para sa mga paghahabol na sakop ng probisyon.


Kaugnay nito, sa kasong Sameer Overseas Placement Agency, Inc. vs. Joy C. Cabiles (G.R. No. 170139, ika-05 ng Agosto 2014, isinulat ni Kasamahang Mahistrado Marvic M.V.F. Leonen), binigyang-diin ng Korte Suprema na hindi sapat ang simpleng paratang upang maging may-bisa ang pagkakatanggal:


“The burden of proving that there is just cause for termination is on the employer. ‘The employer must affirmatively show rationally adequate evidence that the dismissal was for a justifiable cause.’ Failure to show that there was valid or just cause for termination would necessarily mean that the dismissal was illegal.”


Kaya kahit maaaring pumasok sa isang just cause ang isang alegasyon laban sa OFW, kailangan pa rin itong mapatunayan ng employer sa pamamagitan ng sapat na ebidensiya. 


Bukod dito, sa kasong Arlene A. Cuartocruz vs. Active Works, Inc. and Ma. Isabel E. Hermosa, (G.R. No. 209072, ika-24 ng Hunyo 2019, isinulat ni Kagalang-galang na Kasamang Mahistrado Francis H. Jardeleza), muling pinagtibay ng Korte Suprema ang karapatan ng isang illegally dismissed OFW sa sahod para sa buong natitirang panahon ng kanyang kontrata:


“The proviso ‘for three months for every year of the unexpired term [of the employment contract], whichever is less’ has been declared unconstitutional by this Court for violating the equal protection clause and substantive due process. In Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services, Inc., we explained that the said clause contains a suspect classification in that, in the computation of the monetary benefits of fixed-term employees who are illegally discharged, it imposes a three-month cap on the claim of OFWs with an unexpired portion of one year or more in their contracts, but none on the claims of other OFWs or local workers with fixed-term employment. The subject clause singles out one classification of OFWs and burdens it with a peculiar disadvantage. Moreover, there is no compelling state interest that the subject clause may possibly serve. Thus, following Serrano, we rule that petitioner is entitled to her monthly salary of HK$3,400.00, or its Philippine peso equivalent, for the entire unexpired portion of her employment contract.”


Samakatuwid, hindi maaaring basta tanggalin ang isang OFW bago matapos ang kanyang kontrata dahil lamang sa isang alegasyong hindi napatunayan. Ang employer ang may pananagutang magpakita ng sapat na ebidensiya ng may-bisang dahilan at dapat ding sundin ang kinakailangang proseso. Kapag napatunayang ilegal ang pagtanggal, maaaring igawad sa OFW ang mga suweldo para sa kabuuang natitirang panahon sa kaniyang kontrata (entire unexpired portion). Maaari ring managot ang recruitment agency sa Pilipinas kasama ng foreign principal o employer alinsunod sa mga nabanggit na batas.


Sana ay nabigyan namin ng linaw ang iyong katanungan. Ang payong aming ibinigay ay base lamang sa mga impormasyon na iyong inilahad at maaaring magbago kung mababawasan o madaragdagan ang mga detalye ng iyong salaysay.


Maraming salamat sa iyong patuloy na pagtitiwala.



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