Ari-arian sa kasal na walang bisa, parte ng co-ownership

ni PAO Chief Persida Rueda-Acosta @Magtanong Kay Attorney | July 31, 2026

Dear Chief Acosta,

Sa walang bisa (void) na kasal dahil sa tinatawag na “psychological incapacity,” mayroon po bang absolute community of property pagdating sa mga ari-ariang nakuha ng mga partido habang sila ay nagsasama bilang mag-asawa? — Butchi 

---

Dear Butchi,  

Ang sagot sa iyong mga katanungan ay matatagpuan sa ating mga batas at mga kaugnay na kaso ng Korte Suprema. Kaugnay nito, nakasaad sa Artikulo 147 ng Executive Order No. 209, o mas kilala sa tawag na “Family Code of the Philippines,” ang mga sumusunod: 

“Article 147. When a man and a woman who are capacitated to marry each other, live exclusively with each other as husband and wife without the benefit of marriage or under a void marriage, their wages and salaries shall be owned by them in equal shares and the property acquired by both of them through their work or industry shall be governed by the rules on co-ownership.

In the absence of proof to the contrary, properties acquired while they lived together shall be presumed to have been obtained by their joint efforts, work or industry, and shall be owned by them in equal shares. For purposes of this Article, a party who did not participate in the acquisition by the other party of any property shall be deemed to have contributed jointly in the acquisition thereof if the former's efforts consisted in the care and maintenance of the family and of the household.” 

Ayon sa kasong Tanyag vs. Tanyag (G.R. No. 231319, November 10, 2021), sa panulat ni Hon. Senior Associate Justice Marvic M.V.F. Leonen, ang mga probisyon ng Family Code of the Philippines hinggil sa ugnayang pang-ari-arian ng mag-asawa, tulad ng absolute community, conjugal partnership of gains, at separation of property, ay hindi naaangkop sa sitwasyon na walang bisa ang isang kasal dahil sa psychological incapacity:

“Void marriages are no marriages. Thus, the provisions of the Family Code on property relations between husband and wife — the systems of absolute community, conjugal partnership of gains, and separation of property — do not apply in disposing of properties that may have been acquired during the parties' cohabitation. Instead, the property regime of parties to a void marriage is governed either by Article 147 or Article 148 of the Family Code, depending on whether the parties have no legal impediment to marry.”

Samakatuwid, sa sitwasyon kung saan ang isang kasal ay ipinawalang-bisa alinsunod sa Article 36 ng nasabing Code, o ang probisyon ukol sa psychological incapacity, hindi ang absolute community of property, conjugal partnership of gains, o separation of property ang susundin sa paghahati o pag-aayos ng mga ari-ariang nakuha habang nagsasama ang mga partido. Sa halip, ang umiiral ay ang special co-ownership sa ilalim ng Article 147 ng Family Code of the Philippines, kung ang lalaki at babae ay may kapasidad (capacitated) o walang legal na hadlang (impediment) na magpakasal sa isa’t isa. 

Sana ay nabigyan namin ng linaw ang iyong katanungan. Ang payong aming ibinigay ay base lamang sa mga impormasyon na iyong inilahad at maaaring magbago kung mababawasan o madaragdagan ang mga detalye ng iyong salaysay. 

Maraming salamat sa iyong patuloy na pagtitiwala.