Parusa at batas sa pananampal at panduduro sa publiko

ni Atty. Persida Rueda-Acosta @Magtanong Kay Attorney | February 5, 2026

Dear Chief Acosta,

Ano ba ang maaaring isampang kaso sa isang taong nanampal at nanduro sa akin sa harap ng maraming tao? Labis kasi akong napahiya at nangliit dahil sa ginawa niya, lalo na’t naganap ito sa publiko. – Pampam

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Dear Pampam, 

Ang sagot sa iyong katanungan ay matatagpuan sa mga probisyon ng Act No. 3815, na mas kilala bilang The Revised Penal Code (RPC), na inamyendahan ng Republic Act (R.A.) No. 10951, gayundin sa mga kaugnay na desisyon ng Korte Suprema.

Para sa iyong kaalaman, ang pananampal at panduduro sa isang tao, lalo na kung ginawa sa harap ng publiko, ay maaaring magresulta sa kasong Slander by Deed sa ilalim ng Artikulo 359 ng RPC na inamyendahan ng R.A. No. 10951, na nagsasaad:

“Art. 359. Slander by deed. – The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prisión correccional in its minimum period or a fine ranging from Twenty thousand pesos (₱20,000) to One hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000) shall be imposed upon any person who shall perform any act not included and punished in this title, which shall cast dishonor, discredit or contempt upon another person. If said act is not of a serious nature, the penalty shall be arresto menor or a fine not exceeding Twenty thousand pesos (₱20,000).” 

Kaugnay nito, ipinaliwanag ng Korte Suprema sa kasong Villanueva vs. People (G.R. No. 160351, April 10, 2006), na isinulat ni Kagalang-galang na Kasamang Mahistrado Minita Chico-Nazario, na ang pananampal sa harap ng publiko ay maituturing na Slander by Deed, viz.:

“Slander by deed is a crime against honor, which is committed by performing any act, which casts dishonor, discredit, or contempt upon another person. The elements are (1) that the offender performs any act not included in any other crime against honor; (2) that such act is performed in the presence of other person or persons, and (3) that such act casts dishonor, discredit or contempt upon the offended party. Whether a certain slanderous act constitutes slander by deed of a serious nature or not, depends on the social standing of the offended party, the circumstances under which the act was committed, the occasion, etc. It is libel committed by actions rather than words. The most common examples are slapping someone or spitting on his/her face in front of the public market, in full view of a crowd, thus casting dishonor, discredit, and contempt upon the person of another.” 

Samakatuwid, ang pananampal at panduduro sa harap ng maraming tao ay hindi simpleng asal o biro lamang. Ito ay maaaring bumuo ng isang krimeng lumalapastangan sa dangal ng isang tao, na pinaparusahan ng batas bilang Slander by Deed, lalo na kung malinaw na nagdulot ito ng kahihiyan, paglapastangan, at pagkawala ng dignidad ng biktima.

Sana ay nabigyan namin ng linaw ang iyong katanungan. Ang payong aming ibinigay ay base lamang sa mga impormasyon na iyong inilahad at maaaring magbago kung mababawasan o madaragdagan ang mga detalye ng iyong salaysay. 

Maraming salamat sa iyong patuloy na pagtitiwala.