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Ordinaryo at ‘di ekspertong saksi, maaaring patunayan ang psychological incapacity ng asawa

  • Writer: BULGAR
    BULGAR
  • 14 hours ago
  • 3 min read

ni Atty. Persida Rueda-Acosta @Magtanong Kay Attorney | May 6, 2025



Magtanong Kay Atty. Persida Acosta

Dear Chief Acosta,


Ang psychological incapacity ba ay batayan para mapawalang-bisa ang kasal? Sa pitong taon kasi naming pagsasama ng asawa ko ay mayroon siyang mga pag-uugali na lubos na nakaaapekto sa aming pagsasama at sa pagiging iresponsable niyang asawa. Nais ko sanang ipawalang-bisa ang aming kasal ngunit wala akong kakayahan na kumuha ng expert witness na magsasabi na siya ay psychologically incapacitated. Ganoon pa man, ang mga nakakakilala sa kanya ay maaaring tumestigo para sa akin upang mapatunayan ang kanyang psychological incapacity. Maaari ba iyon? Sana ay malinawan ninyo ako. — Marian



Dear Marian,


Ang psychological incapacity ay isa sa mga batayan ng pagpapawalang-bisa ng kasal. Partikular na nakasaad sa Artikulo 36 ng Executive Order No. 209, o mas kilala bilang “The Family Code of the Philippines”:


“Art. 36. A marriage contracted by any party who, at the time of the celebration, was psychologically incapacitated to comply with the essential marital obligations of marriage, shall likewise be void even if such incapacity becomes manifest only after its solemnization.”


Batay sa kasalukuyang hurisprudensya, ang kawalan ng kakayahang-sikolohikal ng isang asawa, bilang batayan ng pagpapawalang-bisa ng kasal, ay hindi kinakailangan na medikal na mapatunayan sa pamamagitan ng eksperto na saksi sapagkat hindi umano ito isang medikal na kondisyon. Bagkus, maaaring tanggapin ang testimonya ng mga ordinaryo na saksi na nakakakilala sa mag-asawa. Ganoon pa man, binigyang-diin ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman na kinakailangang malinaw at nakakukumbinsi ang mga patunay ng mga naturang saksi patungkol sa likas na pag-uugali, kondisyon, o sirkumstansya ng asawa na nakaaapekto sa kakayahang-sikolohikal nito na gampanan ang kanyang mga responsibilidad bilang asawa. Ipinaliwanag ng ating Korte Suprema sa kasong Edward N. Rivo vs. Dolores S. Rivo (G.R. No. 210780, January 25, 2023), sa panulat ni Honorable Associate Justice Ramon Paul L. Hernando:


“In the recent case of Tan-Andal v. Andal (Tan-Andal), the Court en banc introduced a nuanced interpretation of what constitutes psychological incapacity x x x.  The Court came up with a new set of parameters, x x x, that will aid in the interpretation and application of Art. 36 of the Family Code, to wit:


  1. The psychological incapacity must be shown to have been existing at the time of the celebration of marriage;

  2. Caused by a durable aspect of one’s personality structure, one that was formed prior to their marriage;

  3. Caused by a genuinely serious psychic cause; and

  4. Proven by clear and convincing evidence.


In addition, the Court has x x x held that psychological incapacity is not a medical illness that has to be medically or clinically identified; hence, expert opinion is not required. In lieu thereof, Tan-Andal required proof of the durable or enduring aspects of a person’s personality, called ‘personality structure’ which manifests itself through clear acts of dysfunctionality that undermines the family such that the spouse’s personality structure must make it impossible for him or her to understand and to comply with his or her essential marital obligations. This may be proven by testimonies of ordinary witnesses, who have been present in the life of the spouses before they contracted marriage, on behaviors that they have consistently observed from the supposedly incapacitated spouse.

x x x

In Tan-Andal, the Court has clarified that the quantum of proof required in nullity cases is clear and convincing evidence which requires more than preponderant evidence but less than proof beyond reasonable doubt. x x x” 


Kung kaya’t maaari mong ikonsidera na gamitin bilang ebidensya ang testimonya ng mga tao na nakakakilala sa iyong asawa kung ang kanilang mga ipapahayag kaugnay sa kanyang pag-uugali, kondisyon, at/o sirkumstansya ay malinaw at kakumbinsi-kumbinsing magpapakita ng kawalan niya ng kakayahang-sikolohikal na gampanan ang kanyang mga responsibilidad bilang iyong asawa.


Sana ay nabigyan namin ng linaw ang iyong katanungan. Ang payong aming ibinigay ay base lamang sa mga impormasyon na iyong inilahad at maaaring magbago kung mababawasan o madaragdagan ang mga detalye ng iyong salaysay. 


Maraming salamat sa iyong patuloy na pagtitiwala.



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