Kaalaman tungkol sa “revival of judgment”

ni Atty. Persida Rueda-Acosta - @Magtanong Kay Attorney | November 9, 2021

Dear Chief Acosta,

Kung hindi ba maipatutupad ang desisyon o hatol (decision o judgment) tungkol sa isang kaso ay mawawala na ba ang karapatang ipatupad ito? Ano ba ang revival of judgment? – Selma

Dear Selma,

Para sa inyong kaalaman, ayon sa ating Kagalang-galang na Korte Suprema sa kasong Edilberto “Eddie” Pineda, et al. vs. Abelardo C. Miranda, et al. [G.R. No. 204997, August 4, 2021, Ponente: Honorable Associate Justice Ramon Paul L. Hernando] ang pagpapatupad ng desisyon o hatol sa isang kaso o revival of judgment ay:

“An action for revival of judgment is an action with the exclusive purpose of enforcing a judgment which could no longer be enforced by a motion. The action is best explained in Rule 39, Section 6 of the Rules of Court:

Sec. 6. Execution by motion or by independent action. - A final and executory judgment or order may be executed on motion within five (5) years from the date of its entry. After the lapse of such time, and before it is barred by the statute of limitations, a judgment may be enforced by action. The revived judgment may also be enforced by motion within five (5) years from the date of its entry and thereafter by action before it is barred by the statute of limitations.”

Ibig sabihin, kung hindi man naipatupad ang desisyon o hatol sa isang kaso sa pamamagitan ng paghiling (motion for execution of judgment) sa hukuman kung saan ito dininig sa loob ng limang taon matapos itong maging final and executory, maaari pa rin itong ipatupad sa pamamagitan ng pagsasampa ng kaukulang aksiyon para ma-revive o buhayin ang desisyon o hatol, o ang tinutukoy na petition o action for revival of judgment. Dagdag pa ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman sa parehas na kaso:

“The above provision should also be read in relation to Articles 1144 (3) and 1152 of the Civil Code, to wit:

“Article 1144. The following actions must be brought within ten years from the time the right of action accrues: xxx

(3) Upon a judgment. Xxx

Article 1152. The period of prescription of actions to demand the fulfillment of obligation declared hy a judgment commences from the time the judgment became final and executory.”

(Binigyang-diin)

Maliwanag na mayroong sampung taon buhat na maging final and executory ang desisyon o hatol bago masabing lipas na ang karapatang maipatupad ito. Samakatwid, kapag natapos na ang limang (5) taon at hindi naipatupad ang desisyon o hatol sa pamamagitan ng paghiling o motion ay mayroon pang panibagong limang taon ang partidong nais magpatupad nito na makapagsampa ng kaukulang aksiyon para ma-revive o buhayin ang desisyon o hatol. Kung hindi ito mangyayari, ang karapatan upang maipatupad ang desisyon o hatol ay lilipas na (prescribed) at mababalewala na ang napanalunan kaugnay nito.