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Wastong kabayaran sa mga ari-ariang nakuha ng gobyerno para sa pampublikong proyekto

ni Atty. Persida Rueda-Acosta - @Magtanong Kay Attorney | October 25, 2020



Ang ating Saligang Batas, partikular ang Section 1, Article III (Bill of Rights), ay nagsasaad na hindi dapat alisan ng buhay, kalayaan o ari-arian ang sinuman nang hindi sa kaparaanan ng batas. Sinusugan pa ito ng Section 9 ng parehong artikulo kung saan nakasaad na ang pribadong ari-arian ay hindi dapat kunin tungkol sa gamit pambayan nang walang wastong kabayaran.

Samakatwid mula sa mga nabanggit na probisyon, hindi maaaring kunin ng sinumang opisyal sa ating pamahalaan maging ng estado mismo ang ari-arian ng sinuman nang walang wastong kabayaran. Ang kapangyarihan ng estado na maglaan o kumuha ng pribadong pag-aari ng kahit na sinong mamamayan ay may katumbas na responsibilidad na magbayad ng wastong halaga. Ito ay malinaw sa ating Saligang Batas maging sa mga desisyon ng Korte Suprema.

Sa desisyon ng Korte Suprema sa kaso ng National Transmission Commission versus Oroville Development Corporation (G.R. No, 223366, August 1, 2017), na isinulat ni Honorable former Associate Justice Jose C. Mendoza, idineklara ng Korte Suprema ang mga sumusunod:

Eminent domain is the right or power of a sovereign state to appropriate private property to particular uses to promote public welfare. It is an indispensable attribute of sovereignty; a power grounded in the primary duty of government to serve the common need and advance the general welfare. The power of eminent domain is inseparable in sovereignty being essential to the existence of the State and inherent in government. But the exercise of such right is not unlimited, for two mandatory requirements should underlie the Government's exercise of the power of eminent domain, namely: (1) that it is for a particular public purpose; and (2) that just compensation be paid to the property owner. These requirements partake the nature of implied conditions that should be complied with to enable the condemnor to keep the property expropriated.”

Kung ating babalangkasin ang naturang desisyon ng Korte Suprema ating masasabing hindi maaaring kunin ng estado ang pag-aari ng sinuman maliban kung ang nasabing pagkuha ay naaayon sa sumusunod na rekisito: (1) Ang nasabing pagkuha ay dahil sa kailangan ito para sa pampublikong kadahilanan o gamit at; (2) Pagbabayad ng tama at ukol na kabayaran.

Ang just compensation o kaukulang kabayaran ay binigyang kahulugan sa parehong kaso na nabanggit sa itaas na:

“Just compensation is defined as the full and fair equivalent of the property taken from its owner by the expropriator. The measure is not the taker’s gain, but the owner’s loss. The word “just” is used to intensify the meaning of the word “compensation” and to convey thereby the idea that the equivalent to be rendered for the property to be taken shall be real, substantial, full, and ample.” (Binigyang-diin)

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