Iba’t ibang antas ng pagkakagawa ng isang krimen

ni PAO Chief Persida Rueda-Acosta @Magtanong Kay Attorney | October 5, 2026

Dear Chief Acosta,

Madalas kong naririnig ang mga terminong frustrated, attempted o kung minsan naman ay wala kapag nababanggit ang mga krimen na napapabalita. Ano ba ang pinagkaiba ng mga ito? — KD

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Dear KD,

Ang kasagutan sa iyong katanungan ay nakasulat sa Artikulo 6 ng Revised Penal Code ng Pilipinas: 

“ART. 6. Consummated, frustrated, and attempted felonies.—Consummated felonies, as well as those which are frustrated and attempted, are punishable.

A felony is consummated when all the elements necessary for its execution and accomplishment are present; and it is frustrated when the offender performs all the acts of execution which would produce the felony as a consequence but which, nevertheless, do not produce it by reason of causes independent of the will of the perpetrator.

There is an attempt when the offender commences the commission of a felony directly by overt acts, and does not perform all the acts of execution which should produce the felony by reason of some cause or accident other than his own spontaneous desistance.”

Ang nasabing probisyon ay ipinaliwanag ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman sa kaso na Benjamin Oliveros Jr, et al. vs. People of the Philippines (G.R. No. 242552, March 03, 2021, Ponente: Honorable Associate Justice Alfredo Benjamin S. Caguioa): 

“The Court made the following distinctions between frustrated and attempted felony:

1.) In frustrated felony, the offender has performed all the acts of execution which should produce the felony as a consequence; whereas in attempted felony, the offender merely commences the commission of a felony directly by overt acts and does not perform all the acts of execution.

2.) In frustrated felony, the reason for the non-accomplishment of the crime is some cause independent of the will of the perpetrator; on the other hand, in attempted felony, the reason for the non-fulfillment of the crime is a cause or accident other than the offender's own spontaneous desistance.”

Ang mga katagang frustrated at attempted ay ginagamit upang ilarawan ang antas ng nagawang krimen na hindi tuluyan o buong naisakatuparan. Maliwanag sa mga nabanggit sa itaas na ang pagkakaiba ng mga ito ay ayon sa dami ng nagawang aksyon o pagkilos at sa rason kung bakit hindi ganap na naisakatuparan ang isang krimen. 

Sana ay nabigyan namin ng linaw ang iyong katanungan. Ang payong aming ibinigay ay base lamang sa mga impormasyong iyong inilahad at maaaring magbago kung mababawasan o madaragdagan ang mga detalye ng iyong salaysay.

Maraming salamat sa iyong patuloy na pagtitiwala.